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Showing content with the highest reputation on 15/04/22 in all areas
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1 pointAmerican actress and Disney singer Liz Callaway is 61 today PS: I love her singing voice especially in The Lion King II: Simba's Pride
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1 pointExcuse me but it seems to me that you have misunderstood me, I am talking about the group of actors who were born in 1922 in America, not in general for all over the years. For example Betty, Joan and Barbara (born 1922) could not make 100
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1 pointZou Yan (Wiki), a Chinese general dead at 107 He was a founding major general (shaojiang) of the People's Liberation Army (PLA). He was a representative of the 9th, 11th, 12th, 13th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, and a member of the 12th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.
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1 pointFirst thought is this fucker could die three years ago as I was working way more on OLEDs. OLEDs are light emitters exploiting an organic material, usually a polymer or a blend, and in general something that does not pack well (i.e. amorphous rather than a crystal). The active layer(s) is put between two electrodes, a cathode which injects electrons into the material LUMO and an anode injecting holes (i.e. subtracting electrons) from the material HOMO. Those would be CB and VB in inorganic LEDs. Due to the applied potential holes and electrons move inside the material. When a hole finds an electrons they shall form a quasiaparticle called exciton, which is held together by Coulombic interaction between the positive hole and the negative electron. Excitons exist only in organic matter, as its dielectric constant is way lower than inorganic material. An exciton shall then decay (i.e. recombine hole and electron) either radiatively, and that's what you want there, or non-radiatively, i.e. dissipating heat. Obviously the colour of the emitted light will depend on the HOMO-LUMO gap. Different polymers have different HOMO-LUMO gaps, which can be modulated depending on conjugation length and chemical functionalization. The electroluminiscence yield of an OLED will depend on: 1)The material quantum yield (if kr is the radiative decay constant the yield is QY=kr/(kr+knr), where knr is the non radiative decay constant. It could be easily shown this equates to the ratio between absorbed and emitted photons). 2)The ratio between holes and electrons inside the material. If it is one virtually there could be as many excitons as holes. This ratio is linked to the kinetic barriers for injection (so on the HOMO and LUMO energy levels again) and to the transport properties of the materials. 3)The ratio of singlets to total states. This is normally 25% as when you inject a hole and an electron they are both doublets (S=1/2) and due to angular momentum coupling you get the exciton as 3/4 a triplet, 1/4 a singlet. Sadly triplets are usually not emissive, as they have no dipole moments with the singlet ground state. Therefore 75% of formed excitons are wasted. Any of these three factors can be improved to raise OLED electroluminescence efficiency. For 1) you should use cis/trans mixtures, blends or other things which do not tend to cristallyze. What's the problem with crystals? Usually aromatic polymers crystallize forming so-called H aggregates. A H-aggregates is not fluorescent (or very weakly, due to vibronic coupling). So fluorescence would be easily suppressed. Approaches for 3) are the most interesting. If you use heavy metals (devices are called PHOLEDs) like Pd, Rh, Ir, exc then you get the spin-orbit coupling you need in order to mix the spin and spatial parts of the wavefunction. Due to mixing with the adiacent single state the triplet becomes emissive, although with a much longer lifetime. This is called phosphorescence. Then 100% of excitons could be virtually used for light emission! What are the problems with this? 1)Cost and toxicity of heavy metals. Mainly. 2)Due to Hund's rule triplet energy is lower than singlet energy. It is difficult to have a PHOLED which is efficient in the blue (and you strongly need blue OLEDs in RGB). Various approaches are being developed. I'll mention purely organic phosphorescence, Triplet-Triplet Annihilation (TTA) and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF). This last one would repopulate (a process called RISC) the singlet states from the adjacent triplet state using thermal quanta at room temperature. Since this falls at 200 cm-1 in the microwaves, you need very close singlets and triplets. That's where chemical design comes into play.
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1 pointAmerican trumpeter Herb Alpert is 87 today American actor William Daniels is 95 today
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1 pointAnd Halle Bailey, our upcoming star of Disney The Little Mermaid is 22 today
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1 pointGerman actress Sabine Bethmann (Wiki) reported dead at 90 In the 50s and 60s, she played in around 40 films and had even been booked for the female lead role in "Spartacus", but director Stanley Kubrick replaced her against the will of producer Kirk Douglas by Jean Simmons. The death was made known by this. RIP (October 25, 1931 - November 8, 2021) PS: The obituary says she died at 81
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1 pointSerge Korber - French film director died at 85 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://amp.lefigaro.fr/cinema/mort-de-serge-korber-realisateur-d-un-idiot-a-paris-et-de-l-homme-orchestre-avec-louis-de-funes-20220124&ved=2ahUKEwjzp-Wbmsv1AhUTh_0HHTTwAb8QFnoECCEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0eaN7p0HqczcB08w7qVesV
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1 pointAmerican television writer and producer Joyce Eliason died at 87 (1934 - 2022) Known for her work in The Jackson: An American Dream, The Last Don and Riding the bus with my sister https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/joyce-eliason-tv-writer-dead-at-87-1235072828/amp/&ved=2ahUKEwjk282wmqr1AhVj7rsIHSPLBuoQFnoECFYQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2Xzoboqm3lb97aBVoIqWvr
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1 pointItalian singer, actress and dancer Gloria Piedimonte, also known as "La Guapa" died at 66 https://www.secoloditalia.it/2022/01/addio-a-gloria-piedimonte-indimenticabile-guapa-di-discoring-di-boncompagni-video/
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