James Madison died on this day 187 years ago, aged 85.
- One of Madison's second cousins was another US president- that being Zachary Taylor (served 1849-1850).
- Madison is both the shortest and lightest president- he was 5'4" (1.6m) and weighed just 100 pounds (45 kg), meaning his BMI was 17.2 (very underweight). He was also known for his weak and shrill voice, so much that those who transcribed his debates often left [...]'s in the transcripts.
- One of his classmates at Princeton was future Vice President Aaron Burr.
- Madison served in the Second Continental Congress, and would be instrumental in the ratification of the Constitution in 1787 (so much that he is called the "Father of the Constitution"). In 1790, Madison also drafted its first ten amendments, better known as the Bill of Rights.
- Madison was a member of the inaugural Congress, elected to Virginia's 5th and 15th congressional districts. He served 4 terms in the House of Representatives.
- Afterwards, he was Thomas Jefferson's Secretary of State. During this time, he won the case of Marbury v. Madison, which ruled that courts can strike down laws that they deem to violate the Constitution.
- Madison won the 1808 election against Charles C. Pinckney with 122 electoral votes (to Pinckney's 47).
- Madison's presidency is largely defined by the War of 1812- in 1814, British troops burned the White House after Madison fled the city. Madison and his wife Dolley would take residence at the Octagon House while the White House was being rebuilt.
- Madison was reportedly bedridden in 1831 and 1832 (must've been a number 1 pick for deadpoolers back then). When on his deathbed, his doctors offered him medication to try to extend his life to July 4 (so he could die on the same day as presidents Adams, Jefferson, and Monroe). Madison refused.
- Despite his abolitionist views, Madison inherited over 100 slaves from his father after he died in 1801. This number dwindled to 36 at the time of Madison's death, and his wife Dolley had to sell them to pay off their family's debts. One slave, Paul Jennings, later wrote that he had been taught how to read and write, that Madison ordered his overseers never to harm them, and that they got Sundays off.