King James I of Aragon died on this day 746 years ago, aged 68.
James became king at the age of 5 upon the death of his father, Peter II. When he was 13, James married Eleanor, the daughter of the King of Aragon- their marriage was annulled in 1229 (though their son Alfonso was declared legitimate, though he predeceased James). Also in 1229, James began to conquer the Balearic Islands from the Almohad Caliphate, which he achieved in 1235. In 1238, James established the autonomous state of Valencia in eastern Aragon.
James began to rally for a Crusade in 1267, when Abaqa, the khan of the Ilkhanate (and a great-grandson of Genghis Khan) sent a letter to him- this resulted in James sending an envoy to the khanate, and he returned with a diplomat two years later. James began to sail east, but a storm drove him off-course into France. James took this as a sign to call the crusade off, and he returned home.
James was also a patron of education, funding the University of Montpellier, and was among the most prolific Catalan authors of his day. In 1274, he wrote his autobiography, Llibre dels fets (Book of Deeds), and wrote a collection of proverbs from various authors, the Libre de la Saviesa (Book of Wisdom).
Upon his death, James split his kingdom between his sons Peter III (Aragon) and James II (Majorca).